What is the difference between ThreadPoolExecutor and ThreadPool ?

The multiprocessing.dummy.ThreadPool is a copy of the multiprocessing.Pool API which uses threads rather than processes, leading to some weirdness since thread and processes are very different, including returning a AsyncResult type which only it understands.

The concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor is a subclass of concurrent.futures.Executor which is a newer simpler API, developed with both processes and threads in mind and therefore returns a common concurrent.futures.Future.

On a very broad and far look, both do the same but concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor does it better.

References:

From the multiprocessing.dummy documentation:

multiprocessing.dummy replicates the API of multiprocessing but is no more than a wrapper around the threading module.

In particular, the Pool function provided by multiprocessing.dummy returns an instance of ThreadPool, which is a subclass of Pool that supports all the same method calls but uses a pool of worker threads rather than worker processes.

From the multiprocessing.dummy.ThreadPool documentation

A ThreadPool shares the same interface as Pool, which is designed around a pool of processes and predates the introduction of the concurrent.futures module. As such, it inherits some operations that don’t make sense for a pool backed by threads, and it has its own type for representing the status of asynchronous jobs, AsyncResult, that is not understood by any other libraries.

Users should generally prefer to use concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor, which has a simpler interface that was designed around threads from the start, and which returns concurrent.futures.Future instances that are compatible with many other libraries, including asyncio.